” Hyperthyroidism is an clinical and biochemical state caused due to the excess production of thyroid hormone.”
- This condition is more common and frequent in females than male.
- Hyperthyroidism is also called thyrotoxicosis.
- This disease is associated with the rise of T3 and T4 level in blood.
- In case of hyperthyroidism usually the level of T3 is greater than T4.
ETIOPATHOGENESIS :-
- Usually hyperthyroidism may be caused by many diseases.
- Three main disease which causes hyperthyroidism are – grave’s disease, toxic multi nodular goiter and a toxic adenoma.
- Less frequent cause of hyperthyroidism are – hyper secretion of pitutary TSH [Thyroid Stimulating Hormone] by a pitutary tumor, hypersecretion of TRH thyroiditis, metastatic tumors of the thyroid, congenital hyperthyroidism in newborn of mother etc.
SYMPTOMS :-
Following are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism :
- Excess sweating.
- Irregular mensuration.
- Excessive hunger.
- Abnormal heart rhythm.
- Weight loss.
- Diarrhea.
- Hair loss.
- Muscle weakness.
- Mood swings or panic attack.
- Fast heart rate.
CLINICAL FEATURES :-
- Patients with hyperthyroidism have a very slow and insidious beginning, depending upon the severity of the cases.
- Cardiac manifestation in the form of tachycardia, palpitations, and cardiomegaly are seen in hyperthyroidism.
- Serum level of T3 and T4 are elevated but TSH secretion is usually inhibited.
- A sudden spurt in the severity of hyperthyroidism termed ”thyroid storm or thyroid crisis” may occur in patients.
- The patients suffering from thyroid crisis may suffer from high grade fever, tachycardia, cardiac arrhythmia and coma and may die of congestive heart failure or hyperpyrexia.
TREATMENT :-
- Treatment include anti – thyroid medication.
- It involves radioactive iodine, medication and sometime surgery.
- Antithyroid agents were given to the patients which prevent the thyroid gland from making or releasing thyroid hormone.
- Beta – blocker were also given to the patients as it shows the heart rate and decreased blood pressure.
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS :-
1.] Which of the following term describes hyperthyroidism following intake of iodine in patients suffering from endemic goiter ?
a. Wolff – chaikoff effect.
b. Jod – Basedow effect.
c. Grave’s disease.
d. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
2.] Too much release of thyroid hormone in the body causes ?
a. Hypothyroidism.
b. Hyperthyroidism.
c. Goiter.
d. None of the above.
3.] What are the symptoms of too much release of T3 and T4 hormones ?
a. Anxiety.
b. Nervousness.
c. Hair loss.
d. All of the above.
4.] Which glands mainly controls and regulates the acute thyroid activity ?
a. Pituitary gland.
b. Hypothalamus.
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. Only a.
5.] Name the condition marked by low TSH ?
a. Hypothyroidism.
b. Hyperthyroidism.
c. Goiter.
d. Thyroid cancer.
6.] Thyroid disorders are often mistaken for the condition ?
a. Pregnancy.
b. Menopause.
c. Cronh’s disease.
d. None of the above.
7.] The thyroid produces hormone regulating what bodily function ?
a. Temperature.
b. Blood pressure.
c. Digestion.
d. Metabolism.
8.] Rapid heart rate, weight loss, heat sensitivity, are not likely the symptoms of ?
a. Thyroid cancer
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Hyperthyroidism
d. All of the above
9.] Which type of epithelium in thyroid follicles ?
a. Columnar
b. Squamous
c. Cuboidal
d. Transitional
10.] Rapid heart rate, weight loss, heat sensitivity, are not likely the symptoms of ?
a. Thyroid crisis
b. Thyroid storm
c. Thyroid failure
d. Thyroid death
SOLUTIONS :-
1.] (b) Jod – Basedow effect
2.] (b) Hyperthyroidism.
3.] (d)
4.] (c)
5.] (b) Hyperthyroidism.
6.] (b) Menopause
7.] (d) Metabolism
8.] (c) Hyperthyroidism.
9.] (c) Cuboidal
10.] (b) Thyroid storm
List of Successful GPATINDIAN CANDIDATESParticipate in Online FREE GPAT TEST: CLICK HERE Participate in Online FREE Pharmacist TEST: CLICK HERE Participate in Online FREE Drug Inspector TEST: CLICK HERE Participate in CSIR NET JRF Mock TestParticipate GATE Mock Test
REFERENCES :-
1.] Textbook Of Pathology By Harsh Mohan; 7th edition; Page no. 793.
2.] Robbin’s Basic Pathology; 5th edition; Page no. 1122 – 1124.
The post Hyperthyroidism : Definition, Etiopathogenesis, Symptoms, Clinical features, Treatment And MCQs for NEET, GPAT, CSIR NET JRF appeared first on Gpatindia: Pharmacy Jobs, Admissions, Scholarships, Conference,Grants, Exam Alerts.